Where is upstream in dna

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Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to David Levens. Influence of the viscosity of the reaction media, and nascent transcript length on the intensity of dynamic supercoiling.

PDF 43 kb. Reprints and Permissions. Kouzine, F. The dynamic response of upstream DNA to transcription-generated torsional stress. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11, — Download citation. Received : 03 May Accepted : 13 September Published : 24 October Issue Date : 01 November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Genome Biology Communications Biology Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology In eukaryotes, it contains exons and introns. Also, the protein-coding region ends at the transcription termination site, which is another functional element on the downstream DNA. In a general sense, it is a type of regulatory element signaling the end of transcription. Figure 2: Transcription Initiation Site. Thus, this is the main difference between upstream and downstream DNA.

Upstream DNA contains regulatory elements including the promoter, and transcription factor-binding sites while downstream DNA contains the protein-coding region. Deletion derivatives of the upstream sequence of the operon promoter were made in vitro and connected with the xylE gene on a plasmid.

Their promoter activities were analyzed in Escherichia coli by monitoring catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity, the xylE gene product. A cis-acting DNA element was identified, which is required for activation of the operon promoter by XylR protein in the presence of the inducer.